Constitutionality of Vouchers and School Choice :: Persuasive Argumentative Essay Examples

Constitutionality of School Vouchers Church and state absolutists believe that vouchers will violate the First Amendment of the Constitution. They argue that voucher systems give parents an incentive to send their kids to parochial school and thus represent an unconstitutional endorsement of religious education. As mentioned in the case study, the U.S. Supreme Court will address the Cleveland Scholarship Program's constitutionality. Many are anticipating what precedent will be set in this ruling because it inherently deals with defining the boundaries between church and state. Can taxpayer funds be allocated by the government to send children to a religiously-affiliated school? Consider the case of the Cleveland Scholarship Program. This program gives parents $2250 per year. Meanwhile, the cost of tuition at a religiously-affiliated private school is, on average, about $1200. The cost of tuition at a non-religious private school is, on average, about $5000. This price breakdown shows the implicit incentive in the Cleveland program--parents who cannot afford to pay more money out of their pocket will enroll their children in religiously-affiliated private schools. The founders of Cleveland's program argue that city parents are in no way encouraged to send their kids to religious schools. Parents can choose public magnet or charter schools, which are free and get far more funding per student than voucher schools. The importance of the Supreme Court decision that will be made should not be underestimated. "This is probably the most important church-state case in the last half-century," said Barry W. Lynn, executive director of Americans United for Separation of Church and State. "It will be a historic showdown over

Paralegals role in the legal system

A paralegal plays a big role in the legal system. Under their supervising attorney they are responsible to perform many tasks. These include interviewing clients and witnesses, investigation facts, conducting discoveries and drafting pleadings and other documents. They are also called upon to perform administrative tasks as well. These may include conflicts checking and the very important Job of time keeping. To be able to perform these tasks effectively and to meet the rigorous demands of deadlines, a paralegal must possess certain skills. Skills common to all paralegals include resourcefulness, commitment, analytical skills, interpersonal skills, communication skills, professionalism, human relations skills, and soft skills. † Thomas F. Goldman & Alice Hart Hughes, Civil Litigation Process and Procedures, 1 5(2nd deed. 2012). Attorneys have the American Bar Association to enforce their ethical behavior, likewise paralegals have their own associations. â€Å"Two major legal a ssistant organizations that provide an ethical code for their members are the National Federation of Paralegal Associations (NAP) and the National Association of Legal Assistants (INLAY' old.At 36. Under no circumstances should a paralegal misrepresent themselves as a lawyer. If they do they are committing the unauthorized practice of law. Ethical guidelines differ from state to state. Conflicts of Interest Is defined as â€Å"situations where the interest or loyalties of the lawyer and client may be or may appear to be adverse of divided. † old. At 36. An example of conflict of interest would be if a lawyer represents the husband In a divorce case then down the road represents the wife in a child custody case against the same former husband. This Is where conflicts checking plays a very Important role.

A Report Of Bolton Youth Offending Team Social Work Essay Essay Example

A Report Of Bolton Youth Offending Team Social Work Essay Essay Example A Report Of Bolton Youth Offending Team Social Work Essay Essay A Report Of Bolton Youth Offending Team Social Work Essay Essay This is a direction study on how Bolton Youth Offending Team manages alteration and ensures quality young person services within the organisation, the council and the community. Harmonizing to the description provided on its web site, Bolton Youth Offending Team is a authorities administration run by the Bolton Council, and the Management Board of the organisation is drawn from member administrations including Social Services, the Probation Service, Police, Education and Health services. The Bolton Youth Offending Team draws support from an active and effectual voluntary and community sector and provides support, counsel, information and preparation and develops links between voluntary and community organisations and bureaus ( Bolton Youth Offending Team Council web site, 2009 ) . The purposes and aims of the organisation highlighted the fact that Bolton Youth Offending Team believed in greater engagement of community members, particularly parents of immature people and actively supported engagement in community activity and engagement of persons, immature people and communities in procedures that affect our lives. There were nevertheless other aims of the squad and the chief intent of the organisation has been to assist forestall immature people from interrupting the jurisprudence and acquiring into problem with the constabulary and tribunals. The organisation provides support and advice to immature people in detention, in prisons, sentenced by tribunals or victims of offense. Bolton Youth Offending Team is based on the rule that although many immature people are victims or culprits of offense, they should still be provided counsel and support every bit good as advice on how they can be more responsible citizens or how they can avoid similar jobs in the hereafter. When immature people are arrested, the determination devising procedures could impact their lives, it is possible to take positive action even after immature people are arrested and it is of import to value the function of persons involved with Bolton Youth Offending Team. Bolton Youth Offending Team is managed by the Bolton Council and members of the Management Board are from other Council divisions every bit good. Bolton Youth Offending Team emphasizes on equal engagement of all community members and particularly of immature people and their household members and focal points on pulling more and more persons in community development and volunteering. The direction board which comprises of membe rs from member organisations and other Council divisions encourages youth engagement across community degrees. 2.0 Organizational Effectiveness: 2.1 The forces that are determining the work of the administration and its staff Bolton Youth Offending Team and its member organisations from Police, Education etc, usage rules concentrating on authorities policy, professional involvements and community demands to determine the work of the community and its staff. The Bolton Youth Offending Team organizational development squad supports sustainable development of voluntary organisations and community groups as the major focal point of the squad is to develop the groups that work on rules in conformity with Bolton Youth Offending Team. The organisational development squad offers counsel, information, preparation and aid to groups and organisations that could present ends more efficaciously and workers from the squad assist the groups to measure their demands and construct support and develop learning chances. Some of the spouses of the organisation are from other authorities and Council sections such as Social Services, the Probation Service, Police, Education and Health every bit good as bureaus and these organi sations help in supplying the basic direction construction of the organisation ( Bolton Youth Offending Team, 2009 ) . Even the direction system and rules every bit good as the focal point of the organisation are shaped in conformity with the in agreement scheme as there are representatives of these different spouse organisations are involved in determining the basic policies of the organisation that later reflects on other groups. The Bolton Youth Offending Team works closely on Partnerships with bureaus and community groups that bring together public sector bureaus, voluntary and community groups and local concerns and they discuss issues about Bolton ad particularly immature people in Bolton. This is to guarantee enhanced work and partnership among the bureaus and voluntary community groups and local concerns. There are nevertheless other forces that shape any organisation and harmonizing to the rules of direction the five forces of direction include the menace of replacement merchandises and services, the menace of entry of new rivals, the strength of competitory competition, the bargaining power of clients and dickering power of providers ( Porter, 1980 ) . Therefore new rivals, providers, purchasers, new merchandises and competition are basic forces that could impact any sector. However in instance of voluntary sector, the direction rules are based towards cooperation with other new groups or organisation s instead than any signifier of competition. 2.2 Organizational Culture Organizational civilization is the survey of psychological science, attitudes, experiences and moralss or working systems showed or followed by workers within an organisation. The organisational civilization within Bolton Youth Offending Team is characterized by cooperation and coaction as the chief focal point is on offering advice and counsel to immature people and people of related organisations so that ends could be delivered more efficaciously. Workers from the squad could assist measure the demands of the group, particularly those of the immature people and could offer capacity edifice and support and besides develop larning chances for the members or for other community groups and organisations. Bolton Youth Offending Team prepares studies and supervising for immature people involved in offense, young person offense, employment, instruction, direction, commission accomplishments, legal issues, personal development and volunteering ( Bolton Youth Offending Team web site, 2009 ) . Team members besides help with preparation demands analysis, developing chances and other preparation for the organisation. The organisation civilization therefore remains unfastened and supportive with a focal point on leaving cognition. As the organisation draws upon the expertness of board members from several organisations, the organisational civilization is about a corporate attempt to heighten community work and engagement from all positions and Bolton Youth Offending Team provides support and preparation in a comprehensive mode. Organizational civilization could depict a comprehensive scope of services provided by the Bolton Youth Offending Team and the process for supplying these services through teamwork and partnerships with other organisations. Organizational civilization besides directs and provides a method of engagement as the staff and other spouses will hold to promote interaction and advance a civilization of engagement within any organisation. Harmonizing to the rules of direction, organisational civilization should be based on the analysis of the 4Ps of topographic point, merchandise, monetary value, and publicity which signifies where a merchandise or service will be launched, what will be its characteristics, what would be the monetary value that the people will hold to pay to acquire the service or merchandise and how the intelligence of the launch would be propagated through publicity ( Kotler, 2005 ) . This means a proper selling scheme in conformity with the 4Ps will hold to be implemented for any new service or launch of a new unit within the Bolton Youth Offending Team or Bolton council. 2.3 Agreements for staff and beneficiary engagement in the administration. Staff and beneficiary engagement within the Bolton Youth Offending Team occurs through the partnership squad and the squad aims to better the quality and effectivity of voluntary and community groups and their engagement in multi-agency work by doing equal agreements for staff and donees to take part in the execution of all undertakings in a smooth manner. The community groups that work with Bolton Youth Offending Team screen activities of regeneration, community safety, acquisition, policing, instruction and societal attention and partnerships enable groups to stand for positions of members and influence service bringing, determination devising, policy development. The partnerships squad supports and enables multi-agency work relationships to better community work and this has been possible through back uping and propagating webs, forums and promoting voluntary groups to work together ( Mullins, 1999 ) . Representatives are supported as they are provided with new information on new enterprises and working with spouses to set up effectual constructions for community engagement. Smaller groups are besides supported and this includes supplying support to handicapped people and minority cultural communities ( Harris, 1994 ) . Some of the specific activities of the organisation that encourages and promotes beneficiary engagement within any organisation include back uping community and voluntary engagement as in societal attention partnerships ; back uping a web for groups of immature people, back uping minority cultural groups to take part in partnerships ; back uping voluntary community webs, forums and treatments. 2.4 How the administration ensures/promotes anti-oppressive patterns. The Bolton Youth Offending Team promotes diverseness issues and tackles minority jobs by advancing duologue among different groups and particularly supports immature people from different backgrounds. With an extended web with other community organisations, the Bolton Youth Offending Team highlights the importance of understanding young person concerns from all backgrounds and particularly youth engagement among minority groups. There is particular accent to promote equal engagement of all members and the chief aims and ends of Bolton Youth Offending Team are based on counsel irrespective of background supplying chances and counsel to all immature people who may hold got into problem for their offenses. This is stated on their web site as follows: A ; acirc ; ˆ?We back up immature people who are charged by the constabulary and have to look in tribunal We prepare studies for tribunal to help the tribunal to make up ones mind sentences for immature people We work with the tribunals, canvassers and the Crown Prosecutions Service to hold and supply support to immature people granted bond by the tribunals We provide support to immature people who have been remanded by the tribunals We work with and back up immature people who have been sentenced by the tribunals We support immature people who have been sentenced to detention and we support and work with them when they are released from detention A ; acirc ; ˆA? . ( Bolton Youth Offending Team, 2009 ) . This accent suggests that the intent of the organisation has been to promote more engagement among all community members irrespective of their race, ethnicity or faith ( Pollitt, 1993 ) . 3.0: Recommendations for betterments If a recommendation for the betterment of services of the Bolton Youth Offending Team organisation is to be considered, the primary focal point should be managing anti oppressive patterns even more strongly to advance and further societal inclusion and particularly among the immature people of varied cultural backgrounds. The Bolton Youth Offending Team should besides follow a more structured attack to direction of community services and as such should pull its specified five twelvemonth scheme that could assist do young person services even more inclusive and comprehensive. Bolton Youth Offending Team actively supports community engagement of immature people and other members in Bolton community and provides support and preparation for community development and AIDSs in the young person engagement in the community besides developing links between voluntary and community organisations. Most of the voluntary organisations which are non involved in community young person services could besides spread out their scope of preparation and development enterprises with the association of Bolton Youth Offending Team. In footings of direction of the organisation, the organisation has a group of cardinal direction squad that provides practical services and support to voluntary and community groups and some of their services include supplying support, counsel, reding, advice on tribunal affairs, young person offense, offense, anti societal activity, drugs and alcohol addiction imprisonment and mulcts. The squad normally offers aid to voluntary organisations and community groups and includes commissariats of preparation, information Sessionss and counsel for specialist squads and recommendations for development would be to develop more specific schemes that the voluntary community workers could follow. The Bolton Youth Offending Team could advance involvements of the voluntary sector and the community sector and the recommendations could be on doing the services more incorporate and comprehensive. In a recent study on the squad, probation inspectors have found that proper appraisals were non carried out on young person re-offending or ego injury and this has led to new steps being taken by the Council ( Bolton News, 2009 ) . Bolton Council squad which is the parent division of the Bolton Youth Offending Team promotes and supports volunteering activities and offers information and counsel to persons or volunteering organisations so people who want to volunteer and back up organisations affecting voluntaries are supported and provided the right sort of advice and preparation. The Bolton Youth Offending Team could be expanded further and could work with many other local voluntary organisations and all of them could follow a individual direction scheme that would assist the Bolton Youth Offending Team to link different sections and groups as a cohesive force on service for the community. 4.0 Decision Young person and community engagement through the voluntary and authorities organisations, particularly related to offense bar is an of import facet of societal development. The voluntary sector within the UK is particularly strong but young person and community engagement needs to be enhanced through a stronger direction scheme that would do public sector direction easy accessible and applicable in voluntary organisations ( Flynn, 1997 ) . What little public sector organic structures lack at times is a structured scheme for direction and collaborative integrated attempts among many community groups that would be indispensable to the operation of any organisation. Large organisations require many smaller groups that would work as a unit for the same intent and in this instance the intent would be to heighten community work and community youth engagement that could develop how immature people would be more active participants in societal life. The focal point on anti discriminatory po licy is besides of import as is the instance of most voluntary organisations in the UK and anti discriminatory policies that would advance societal inclusion of immature people is among one of the direction ends of all voluntary and authorities supported youth organisations. Sing the diverse scope of population with immature people from assorted cultural backgrounds, it is of import to stress on societal inclusion so that all members of the community could take part every bit in community work and supply their penetrations in societal work.

Little Tree Analysis Essay Example

Little Tree Analysis Essay Example Little Tree Analysis Essay Little Tree Analysis Essay Greetings from Hanoi! I hope you and everyone else is doing well back in Kuching. I presume the weather there is burning hot as usual? Or has it cooled down a bit? Anyway, the reason Im writing this letter to you is to give you an update on the latest book I read. Judging by your massive bookshelf that is overflowing with books, youre obviously an avid reader like me. So, Im hoping to convince you into reading this book, Im sure youll enjoy it! The title of the book is called Digital Fortress by Dan Brown. I know that youve read Angels and Demons as well as The Da Vinci Code. I ALSO know that you enjoyed these two books since you kept persuading me to read them, so, now its my turn. I wont spoil the book by telling the entire plot to you, but Ill tell you enough to make you interested! Lets begin, shall we? The main character of the story is Susan Fletcher. She is the Head of Cryptography in NSA. Youre obviously puzzled by this now, so, allow me to explain. The NSA, short for the National Security Agency is one of the most influential government organizations in the world. The NSAs agenda is to protect U.S government communications and to intercept the communications of foreign powers. To make it simple, this Agency specializes in intercepting emails, chats, telephone lines and etc to provide secure government communication in the event of war. People conducting illegal business of the internet could be stopped with the help of the single most expensive piece of computing equipment in the world, TRANSLTR. I wont go into too much detail about the NSA, youll just have to read it by yourself. Susan Fletcher is a brilliant, beautiful mathematician who specializes in code-breaking for the NSA. Since terrorists or dangerous governments usually encode their messages for secrecy, Susans job was to study the codes, break them by hand, and furnish the NSA with the deciphered messages. The book states many types of codes such as Julius Caesars perfect square cipher box and these codes are truly fascinating to know about! The whole story starts when Susan receives a call from the commander of NSA, Trevor Strathmore, when she was supposed to be on vacation with her fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, David Becker. Apparently, David has also been occupied by some business as well. What is it? you ask. Well, Im not going to tell you. Commander Strathmore has been stumped by a program that he downloaded from the Internet, called Digital Fortress. It is apparently able to generate unbreakable codes that will put a stop to the NSA. Commander Strathmore is stunned by the results when TRANSLTR is unable to break the code to get access to Digital Fortress since it is being locked by a pass-key. The run time for the code of Digital Fortress to be broken has taken more than 15 hours, while the longest code that TRANSLTR ever broke merely took 3 hours. It is a race against time to find the pass-key before it is auctioned off to the highest bidder. Should Digital Fortress be unlocked to the rest of the world, every third-grader wi th a modem will be able to send unbreakable codes that the NSA will be unable to decode. The plot gets more complicated as Susan and Strathmore find out that the creator of Digital Fortress is found dead, but theres an accomplice that also has access to the pass-key. Each chapter keeps you on your toes and its a book thats hard to put down. Each chapter provides more shocking revelations and it gets more and more interesting. Questions will boggle your mind while the answers will only be revealed in the end. Why is David being sent to Spain? Why is being hunted down by a killer? Will they make it in time to save the NSA? What really goes on in the NSA? What really is Digital Fortress? The twist and turns in the story adds to the suspense of the story that continues to build up with each chapter. Caught in an accelerating tempest of secrecy and lies, youll see how Susan Fletcher struggles to save the agency she believes in. Will she be able to win the battle of fighting for her life? Will she be able to save the man she loves? Well, youll find out if you read the book. I highly recommend you read it. Though it sounds complicating since it deals with computers and science, the plot is much more than that. Its made up of drama, secrecy, lies, shocking truth, suspense, love and so much more. This book is an excellent heart-racing thriller and I truly enjoyed every single word of it. Trust me; I know youll enjoy it as much as I did. After all, have I ever lied to you? Well, thats all for now I guess. The next time you should do after reading this letter is to head straight to the bookshop! You know what I mean. Missing you loads and I hope youll let me know what you think of the book. Ill be back in summer to visit you and the rest of our crazy friends.

Choose a favorite piece of music Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Choose a favorite piece of music - Term Paper Example However, the harmony that generates from the two music forms is almost similar since they both have same chords those progresses at the same rate due to the nature of tone that comes from each of their rhythmic beats. Though the two types of music may show variation in their consonance and dissonance, their texture but may either be monophonic, polyphonic or homophonic. In this instance, blues and classic music present difference in their forms such as binary, ternary, and the strophic (Handy, W.C et al, 43) Nevertheless, rhythm in all these two music forms is just but their element of the item. For instance, in any case there is tapping of one’s foot to the music, there is the act of â€Å"keeping the beat’’ or following the structural rhythmic pulse of the music. Other aspects of rhythm are the duration that defines the tone when music plays. For instance, blues do take longer than classic music in most of the occasions. Tempo that is the beat rate of any particular music also falls into the rhythm. When compared, classic music does have a high tempo than blues since their beat rates are always faster (Handy, W.C et al, 52). On the other hand, meter defines the pattern of organization of beats recurring in music. Meters are either, duplex that occurs in two pulses per group, triples occurring in three pulses per group or quadruple that takes place in four pulses per group. In relation to blues and classic music, blues do have well-defined meters than classical types. The reason is that their beats are more organized in a systematic pattern of play that goes slowly and soothes the mind. The classic types look more disorganized in their beat rates and also are rough and noisy in their nature. The beat rates are so faster such that they don’t even facilitate the relaxation of an individual’s mind in most of the occasions (Handy, W.C et al, 66) Blues types of music trace their way back from the spirituals. Initially, spirituals formed the

Role of the Registered Nurse in the Operating Room Research Paper

Role of the Registered Nurse in the Operating Room - Research Paper Example However, most hospitals have hired technical nurse because of high professional fee for registered nurses. As part of the cost cutting program, the companies resort to scrub nurse that has technical skills in handling instruments. This paper aims to discuss the role of registered nurse in the operating room. The role of nurses is examined in the three phases of operating procedure: preoperative, intra-operative, and postoperative. â€Å"Preoperative Role† Patients should receive an efficient and effective service from the health sector. That is why, the health care devises patient empowerment during the preoperative phase (Bramhall, 2002). The preoperative role of nurses involves the assessment of patient’s welfare. Nurses are responsible in preparing the psychological aspect of the patient for the scheduled operation. In order to perform this process, McGarvey, Chambers, and Boore (2000) assert that interpersonal communication is necessary. They gather information from the patient such as medical history, drug used in preparation for the surgery, and the willingness of patients to undergo a surgical operation. The information gathered are used to mitigate risks and determine the factors that may affect the patient’s health. Moreover, the patient is informed of the proposed treatment that the surgeon will perform on the scheduled surgery. The open communication is inhibited because the nurses explain the risk or the possible outcome of the operation, then they offer other methods to patients. The patients must agree with the procedure as part of preparing themselves psychologically. Thus, the nurses are not only rendering their professional service, but they involve personal care. â€Å"Intra-operative Role† During the operation, the patients are at the most critical level because a single mistake will lead to complications. Since the advocate of the medical society is to give efficient and high quality of service, the staff, includi ng the surgeon, must be careful in using the medical equipments and instruments. Allen (2000, p. 1038) states that RN has the duty to â€Å"prevent patient injuries, pressure ulcers, nerve damage, and burns, and to reduce transmission of infection.† To prevent injuries, McEwen (1996, p.1059) proposes that nurses should be knowledgeable in anatomy, since the skin is the â€Å"primary body affected by pressure injuries.† Thus, the nurses are responsible for positioning the patient in the operating table safely to avoid problems and generate positive outcome. During the operation, the nurses examine the physical condition of patients such as their vital statistics. Moreover, they check and assure the medical team that the surgical equipments used are sterile to avoid infection. Infection can be the cause of the patient’s death; hence, the reputation of the institution is tarnished. The preoperative nurses must be cautious to maintain asepsis or free from contaminat ion. â€Å"Postoperative Role† After the operation, patients should be admitted in a recovery area wherein they will be monitored. This is seconded by Stephens and Boaler (1977) that patients must be inspected regularly and precisely. This is to ensure that the patient has a â€Å"safe recovery from anesthesia and surgery† (McGarvey, Chambers, & Boore, 2000, p. 1097). The nurses will examine the physiological state of a patient including the circulation of blood and respiratory function. Once they are awake, the nurses provide information or educate patients about the surgery. The