Biography of Carl Jung Founder of Analytical Psychology

Carl Gustav Jung (July 26, 1875 – June 6, 1961) was an influential psychologist who established the field of analytical psychology. Jung is known for his theorizing about the human unconscious, including the idea that there is a collective unconscious all people share. He also developed a type of psychotherapy—called analytical therapy—that helped people to better understand their unconscious mind. Additionally, Jung is known for his theorizing about how personality types, such as introversion and extroversion, shape our behavior. Early Life and Education Jung was born in 1875 in Kesswil, Switzerland. Jung was the son of a pastor, and even from an early age he showed an interest in trying to understand his inner mental life. He studied medicine at the University of Basel, where he graduated in 1900; he then studied psychiatry at the University of Zurich. In 1903, he married Emma Rauschenbach. They were married until Emma died in 1955.   At the University of Zurich, Jung studied with psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler, who was known for studying schizophrenia. Jung wrote a doctoral dissertation about occult phenomena, focusing on  a person who claimed to be a medium. He attended the sà ©ances she held as part of his dissertation research. From 1905 until 1913, Jung was a faculty member at the University of Zurich. Jung also co-founded the International Psychoanalytic Society in 1911. In the early 1900s, Sigmund Freud became a friend and mentor to Jung. Both Jung and Freud shared an interest in trying to understand the unconscious forces affecting people’s behavior. However, Freud and Jung disagreed on several aspects of psychological theory. While Freud believed that the unconscious mind consisted of desires that people have repressed, especially sexual desires, Jung believed that there are other important motivators of human behavior besides sexuality. Additionally, Jung disagreed with Freud’s idea of the Oedipus complex. Jung went on to develop his own theories, known as Jungian or analytical psychology. In 1912, Jung published an influential book in psychology, Psychology of the Unconscious, which diverged from Freud’s views. By 1913, Freud and Jung had experienced a falling out. Development of Jungian Psychology In Jung’s theory, there are three levels to consciousness: the conscious mind, the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious. The conscious mind refers to all the events and memories that we are aware of. The personal unconscious refers to events and experiences from our own past that we are not fully conscious of. The collective unconscious refers to symbols and cultural knowledge that we may not have experienced firsthand, but which still affect us. The collective unconscious consists of archetypes, which Jung defined as  Ã¢â‚¬Å"ancient or archaic images that derive from the collective unconscious.† In other words, archetypes are important concepts, symbols, and images in human culture. Jung used masculinity, femininity, and mothers as examples of archetypes. Although  we are typically unaware of the collective unconscious, Jung believed that we could become aware of it, especially through trying to remember our dreams, which often incorporate elements of the collective unconscious. Jung saw these archetypes as human universals that we are all born with. However, the idea that we can inherit archetypes has been criticized, with some critics pointing out that it might not be possible to test scientifically whether these archetypes are indeed truly innate. Research on Personality In 1921, Jung’s book Psychological Types was published. This book introduced  several different personality types, including introverts and extroverts. Extroverts tend to be outgoing, have large social networks, enjoy attention from others, and enjoy being part of large groups. Introverts also have close friends they care deeply about, but they tend to need more alone time, and may be slower to show their true selves around new people. In addition to introversion and extroversion, Jung also introduced several other personality types, including sensing and intuition as well as thinking and feeling. Each personality type corresponds to the different ways people approach the world around them. Importantly, however, Jung also believed that people are capable of acting in ways consistent with a personality type other that their own dominant type. For example, Jung believed that an introvert could attend a social event they might normally skip. Importantly, Jung saw this as a way for people to grow and to achieve individuation. What Is Jungian Therapy? In Jungian therapy, also called analytical therapy, therapists work with clients to try to understand the unconscious mind and how it might be affecting them. Jungian  therapy attempts to address the root cause of a client’s problems, instead of just addressing the symptoms or behaviors that are bothering the client. Jungian therapists may ask their clients to keep a journal of their dreams, or to complete word association tests, in order to better understand their client’s unconscious mind. In this therapy, the goal is to better understand the unconscious and how it affects our behavior. Jungian psychologists acknowledge that this process of understanding the unconscious may not always be pleasant, but Jung believed that this process of understanding the unconscious was a necessary one. The goal of Jungian therapy is to achieve what Jung termed individuation. Individuation refers to the process of integrating all past experiences—good and bad—in order to live a healthy, stable life. Individuation is a long-term goal, and Jungian  therapy isn’t about helping clients find a â€Å"quick fix† for their problems. Instead, Jungian therapists focus on addressing the root causes of problems, helping clients gain a deeper understanding of who they are, and helping people live more meaningful lives. Additional Writings by Jung In 1913, Jung began writing a book about his own personal experience of trying to understand his unconscious mind. Over the course of years, he recorded visions he had, accompanied by drawings. The end result was  a journal-like text with a mythological perspective that was not published in Jungs lifetime.  In 2009, Professor  Sonu Shamdasani received permission from Jung’s family to publish the text as The Red Book. Alongside his colleague Aniela Jaffà ©, Jung also wrote  about his own life in Memories, Dreams, Reflections, which he began writing in 1957 and  was published in 1961. Legacy of Jung’s Work After Jung’s death in 1961, he continued to remain an influential figure in psychology. Although Jungian or analytical therapy is no longer a widely used form of therapy, the technique still has devoted practitioners and therapists  continue to offer it. Moreover, Jung remains influential because of his emphasis on trying to understand the unconscious.   Even psychologists who don’t consider themselves Jungians may still have been influenced by his ideas. Jungs work on personality types has been particularly influential over the years. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was based on the personality types outlined by Jung. Other widely used measures of personality also incorporate concepts of introversion and extroversion, although they tend to see introversion and extroversion as two ends of a spectrum, rather than two distinct  personality types. Carl Jung’s ideas have been influential both in psychology and outside of academia. If you’ve ever kept a dream journal, tried to become aware of your unconscious mind, or referred to yourself as an introvert or extrovert, then there’s a good chance that you’ve been influenced by Jung. Biography Fast Facts Full Name:  Carl Gustav Jung Known For: Psychologist, founder of analytical psychology   Born:  July 26, 1875  in Kesswil, Switzerland Died:  June 6, 1961 in  Kà ¼snacht, Switzerland Education: Medicine at the University of Basel; psychiatry at the University of Zurich Published Works:  Psychology of the Unconscious, Psychological Types,  Modern Man In Search of a Soul,  The Undiscovered Self Key Accomplishments:  Advanced numerous key psychological theories, including introversion and extroversion, the collective unconscious, archetypes, and the significance of dreams. Spouse Name:  Ã‚  Emma Rauschenbach  (1903-1955) Childrens Names:  Agathe, Gret, Franz, Marianne, and  Helene Famous Quote:  The meeting of two personalities is like the contact of two chemical substances: if there is any reaction both are transformed.   References â€Å"Archetypes.† GoodTherapy.org, 4 Aug 2015. https://www.goodtherapy.org/blog/psychpedia/archetype Associated Press. â€Å"Dr. Carl G. Jung Is Dead at 85; Pioneer in Analytic Psychology.† New York Times (web archive), 7 Jun 1961. https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0726.html â€Å"Carl Jung (1875-1961).† GoodTherapy.org, 6 Jul 2015. https://www.goodtherapy.org/famous-psychologists/carl-jung.html â€Å"Carl Jung Biography.† Biography.com, 3 Nov 2015. https://www.biography.com/people/carl-jung-9359134 Corbett, Sara. â€Å"The Holy Grail of the Unconscious.† The New York Times Magazine, 16 Sept 2009. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/20/magazine/20jung-t.html Grohol, John. â€Å"Carl Jung’s Red Book.† PsychCentral, 20 Sept 2009. https://psychcentral.com/blog/carl-jungs-red-book/ â€Å"Jungian Psychotherapy.† GoodTherapy.org, 5 Jan 2018. https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/types/jungian-psychotherapy â€Å"Jungian Therapy.† Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/therapy-types/jungian-therapy Popova, Maria. Memories, Dreams, Reflections: A Rare Glimpse Into Carl Jungs Mind.  The Atlantic  (originally published on  Brain Pickings), 15 Mar 2012.  https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2012/03/memories-dreams-reflections-a-rare-glimpse-into-carl-jungs-mind/254513/ Vernon, Mark. â€Å"Carl Jung, Part 1: Taking Inner Life Seriously.† The Guardian, 30 May 2011. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2011/may/30/carl-jung-ego-self Vernon, Mark. â€Å"Carl Jung, Part 2: A Troubled Relationship with Freud – and the Nazis.† The Guardian, 6 Jun 2011. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2011/jun/06/carl-jung-freud-nazis Vernon, Mark. â€Å"Carl Jung, Part 3: Encountering the Unconscious.† The Guardian, 13 June 2011. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2011/jun/13/carl-jung-red-book-unconscious Vernon, Mark. â€Å"Carl Jung, Part 4: Do Archetypes Exist?† The Guardian, 20 June 2011. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2011/jun/20/jung-archetypes-structuring-principles Vernon, Mark. â€Å"Carl Jung, Part 5: Psychological Types† The Guardian, 27 June 2011. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2011/jun/27/carl-jung-psychological-types

Shakedown Case - 790 Words

CASE STUDY: SHAKEDOWN Statement of the Problem: What should Zhuk do to keep his business and to avoid extortion from government officials? Objectives: To provide solutions on how companies in Ukraine can fight corruption and face threats of extortion. To apply business ethics and corporate social responsibility Alternative Courses of Action: a) Pay – Extortion Zhuk can pay off the Ukraine Tax Authority officials. After all, he would not be breaking the law if he did so. He will be a victim of extortion and succumbing to it is not a crime. He will consider the bribes as additional tax he has to pay for doing business in Ukraine and carry on with his company. He will be able to provide jobs for locals as his employees and keep†¦show more content†¦Suggested Initiatives: 1) Improve regulation and inspection procedures. In order to increase confidence in the government’s regulatory role in the economy, efforts should be made to: simplify government regulations and inspections; systematize and unify the work of inspection agencies and the procedures for conducting inspections; publicize clear and understandable information on inspections and the rights and duties of inspection agencies, and make taxation bodies liable for unfounded verifications, or establish an agency that registers inspections and limits the number of inspections. Many businessmen believe this would discourage frequent inspections. 2) Unified business tax In order to keep businesses out of the shadow economy, urgent measures are needed to reduce the taxation pressure and replace at least a portion of multiple taxes with a unified business tax. The high cost of doing business in Ukraine also relates to the key objective of inspection agencies which is to extract the maximum amount of money from a company. 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New Generation Free Essays

New Generation! Details is a monthly men’s magazine published by Coned Nasty Publications. Founded in 1982, Details magazine’s main attractions are centered for men that like to stay updated on the newest fashion styles. This magazine targets young men of all ages and is devoted to fashion an lifestyles. We will write a custom essay sample on New Generation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Details also informs you on social and political issues. There are many reasons why men would want to buy details magazine; books, newspapers, magazines, and many more are here for our entertainment. Details magazine is centered for audiences who have an interest in he latest fashion for men, health, and advertisements related to social lifestyles. Details magazine can help many men be up to date with the latest styles. The simple fact is that details magazine can inform you with Just about anything related to the social aspects for men, their health, or their social lifestyles. The magazine has a variety of things that it can update you on. Most of the advertisements are related to fashion. An example would be an advertisement related to the popular clothing brand Tommy Hillier. Within the ad details a few of their newest clothing lines which are related to business apparel. What’s interesting about some of the ads is that they are more than a page long. The Tommy Hillier advertisement described covers a total of two pages front and back. By incorporating ads such as these, there is a grater chance of a consumer to run into the advertisement. Men who are interested in the urban look would be drawn to buy this magazine. It isn’t entirely Just for men-the usual people that would buy this magazine would more than likely live in the cities or islands and looking for a business look. The first page of the magazine contains a sports car, so if a potential customer had an interest in anything automobile-related, it could successfully grab their attention. Not only does the magazine contain numerous advertisements related to merchandise, but it also hints at some advertisements related to automobiles, fragrances, and clothing. By using a large amount of advertisements throughout the magazine, it draws in the audience’s attention matter if they are Just skimming or thoroughly reading through it. To further grab the audience’s attention, each of the articles contain varying fonts, photographs objects, and colors to keep the magazine attention. Magazines such as Details is not Just for social political an everyday updates in fashion, it gives you routines an guidelines on how to stay fit. For instance if your self- a-steam is low an your trying to figure out how to loose weight, Details can give you the inspiration you need an make your appearance better in public at the same time. In some of the articles you will find life lessons learned on staying fit-an not loosing control of your weight. If your already ready to get yourself one of these Details magazines that’s not it. Details can also keep your wrist game proper with the latest Channel an Louis Button etches shown in numerous ads in the begging of the magazine. This magazine is to help you become up to date with numerous things not Just the newest clothing line. If you think about the name of the title â€Å"Details† its supposed to give you details about the latest information on everyday life. So if you want to be informed or up to date on the latest vehicles, urban wear, watches, electronic an wanting to stay physically an emotionally fit, so if your Just pondering grab yourself a details magazine an skim or thoroughly read it an become a part of a new generation! How to cite New Generation, Papers